Nigeria’s foreign reserves climbed to $39bn in October – CBN Governor, Cardoso

Olayemi Cardoso, Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), has disclosed that the country’s foreign reserves rose to $39.12 billion as of October 11, representing a 12.74% growth in four months.

Cardoso made this known during an appearance before the House of Representatives committee on banking regulation on Tuesday, October 15, 2024.

The apex bank governor said the foreign reserves stood at $34.70 billion at the end of June.

Meanwhile, CBN data showed that the foreign reserves suffered the lowest dip in over six years on April 15, plunging to $32.29 billion.

Cardoso highlights reasons for the rise in foreign reserves

Addressing the committee, Cardoso explained that Nigeria’s foreign reserves have witnessed significant growth as remittance flows currently account for 9.4% of total external reserves.

“The reserves rose by 12.74% to $39.12 billion as of October 11, 2024, from $34.70 billion at the end of June 2024,” he said.

The CBN helmsman further stated that foreign reserves are driven largely by foreign capital inflows, receipts from crude oil-related taxes and third-party.

“In Q2 2024, we maintained a current account surplus and saw remarkable improvements in our trade balance.

“The current external reserves position can finance over 12 months of import of goods and services or 15 months of goods only.

“This is substantially higher than the prescribed international benchmark of 30 months, reflecting a robust buffer against external shocks.

“Regarding the foreign exchange market, the bank implemented various reforms including a unification strategy, which streamlined various exchange rate windows into a single model, adopting the willing buyer, willing Seller’ approach to enhance FX liquidity and financial market stability.

“This move was aimed at fostering transparency, reducing market distortions, and enhancing the efficiency of foreign exchange allocations.

“This consolidation involved the implementation of new operational guidelines which included removing the international money transfer operators (IMTOs) quote cap.

“Additionally, the bank resumed the sales of FX at the NAFEM and Bureau De Change (BDC) segments, bolstered by an improved supply from foreign portfolio investors (FPIs).

“In the foreign exchange market, we have achieved increased transparency and improved overall supply. By allowing the foreign exchange rate to be determined by market demand and supply, the CBN has reduced arbitrage and speculative activities and eliminated the front-loading of FX demand.

“These policy measures have effectively narrowed the exchange rate disparities between the NAFEM and BDC segments which have largely led to the convergence of FX rates.

“Improved transparency in the market has restored market confidence leading to increased capital inflows which enabled the CBN to clear existing FX backlogs.

“The settlement of all legitimate backlogs of outstanding FX obligations by the bank has significantly improved Nigeria’s credibility and ratings across the global financial market, helping to boost investor confidence, and enhanced liquidity in the foreign exchange market.

“With improved investor confidence, foreign investments have increased as evidenced by a significant rise in capital importation by 65.56% to $6.49 billion between January and July 2024, compared to $3.92 billion in the corresponding period of 2023.

“Collectively, these actions have contributed significantly to the stability of the financial system,” he told the green chamber.

Cardoso says inflation poses a concern

Cardoso conceded that inflationary threats remain a major concern but highlighted reasons for an optimistic outlook.

The latest report from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) indicates that the consumer price index (CPI), which measures the rate of change in prices of goods and services, rose to 32.7% in September.

The increase comes two months after the country experienced a decline in the inflation rate in July and August.

But, Cardoso noted that inflation has shown “gradual moderation,” implying that the monetary policy measures are ”becoming effective.”

“We anticipate steady moderation of inflationary pressures in the last quarter of 2024, supported by our monetary policy measures and the federal government’s recent initiatives such as tax incentives on businesses in the economy.

“To combat inflation, we have fully reverted to an orthodox monetary policy approach and implemented a comprehensive set of monetary policy measures.

“These include raising the policy rate by 850 basis points to 27.25%, increasing cash reserve ratios and normalising open market operations as our primary liquidity management tool.

“In addition, we have adopted an inflation-targeting (IT) monetary policy framework as part of the bank’s enterprise strategy (2024-2028).

“The IT framework, widely adopted across various global economies, is renowned for its effectiveness in combating persistent inflation,” he stated.

The apex bank governor added that the measures are geared towards ensuring price stability, optimising liquidity management, and engendering an effective monetary policy framework.